Good morning. We're covering six months of war in Ukraine, the future of milk in India and South Korea's declining fertility rate. |
 | | Six months of war have left much of Ukraine in ruins, including this school in the Mykolaiv region.Daniel Berehulak for The New York Times |
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Six months of war in Ukraine |
The largest land war in Europe since World War II has sown horror for six months. Military losses have been heavy for both sides, and civilian casualties in Ukraine could be in the tens of thousands; there are now 6.6 million refugees from the war. |
Vladimir Putin, the Russian president, now controls about 20 percent of Ukraine. But he appears as far as ever from bringing it back into Russia's fold — and there is little indication that he is prepared to stop fighting. It is also unclear what sort of deal he would accept to end the war. Here is how the conflict appears to the combatants, and to a continent plunged into turmoil. |
Ukraine: Volodymyr Zelensky said that Ukraine was a nation "reborn" in conflict with a renewed sense of cultural and political identity, now wholly separate from Russia, and that it had united democracies around the world with a new sense of purpose. "Every new day is a new reason not to give up," he said. |
Russia: After half a year of war, Russia is both stunningly different and shockingly unchanged. Putin has silenced most dissent, and many Russians have been able to ignore the war, since Putin has resisted calls to put Russia on a war footing and his government has succeeded in largely blunting the impact of economic sanctions. |
 | | "The animal is fighting physiologically to adjust itself, and also give two or three liters of milk," Dr. Ashutosh said.Atul Loke for The New York Times |
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Climate change threatens India's milk industry |
India, the world's largest producer of milk, relies on 80 million farmers to generate more than 200 million tons every year, mostly for domestic use. |
But those oceans of milk are growing more difficult to produce, and more expensive to buy, largely because of climate change. Wilting heat came earlier and lingered longer this year than usual, which scientists found stressed cattle and created a decline in milk yield of 11 percent. Erratic rainfall and extreme weather exacerbated an already troubling fodder deficit. |
A majority of India's dairy farmers are small producers, and a lot of the heat-mitigation measures they've long relied on, such as shared village ponds, are no longer tenable because of water shortages and pollution. |
What's next: Scientists at the National Dairy Research Institute have conducted studies to help address the issue, including one on developing new breeds of buffalo — nearly half the country's milk comes from buffaloes, which have proved more able to adapt to heat than crossbred cattle — and another on using new shrubs for protein content. Some scientists are even playing flute music to see whether it relaxes the bovines. |
Quotable: "We have to find the ways to make the animal stress-free," said Dr. Ashutosh, who goes by one name and leads a team of scientists studying the issue. "Only then we can make them resilient." |
 | | The costs of housing, child care and education have led many in South Korea to not have children.Anthony Wallace/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images |
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Fertility in South Korea hits another record low |
South Korea broke its own record for the world's lowest total fertility rate, which dropped for the sixth year in a row to 0.81 in 2021. Census data reflects problems present and future, including widespread economic anxiety preventing young adults from having children and a looming shortage of workers to pay into the pension system. |
By comparison, the fertility rate — the average number of children born to a woman during her reproductive years — was 1.66 in the U.S. and 1.37 in Japan. A fertility rate of 2.1 is needed for a population to remain the same size without migration. |
The implications of the low fertility rate in South Korea are already being felt. The population has shrunk in the past two years. Schools have faced shortages of students, the military has expanded eligibility requirements for conscripts and the dwindling number of working-age people has imperiled the pensions of retirees. |
What's next: South Korea may see a serious labor shortage by the mid-2030s, and within three or four generations the population could decline drastically. The prospect of a shrinking work force has put the country at the forefront of developing robots and artificial intelligence for the workplace. |
 | | Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha of Thailand in Bangkok this month.Sakchai Lalit/Associated Press |
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- Thailand's top court has suspended Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha from official duty while it considers a legal challenge to his term limit, the BBC reports. (Reuters explains how the court was able to suspend Prayuth.)
- China warned that it would take "forceful measures" if Canada interfered with Taiwan, after it emerged that Canadian officials would visit the island, Reuters reported.
- The Guardian reports that the Dugong, a manatee-like marine mammal, is functionally extinct in China.
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 | | Campaign posters for João Lourenço, Angola's president, along the beachfront in Luanda on Tuesday.John Wessels/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images |
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 | | A 120-year-old machine producing Casentino cloth.Massimo Berruti for The New York Times |
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Casentino cloth, a famously durable and waterproof Italian wool produced for centuries in a Tuscan valley, has been equally popular among 14th-century merchants and Florentine lords, composers like Verdi and Puccini, and movie stars like Audrey Hepburn. But the only factory that makes the finished wool could soon close. |
 | | RM at his recording studio in Seoul.Dasom Han for The New York Times |
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A K-pop superstar shares his love of art |
When RM, the leader of the South Korean boy band BTS, isn't performing in a packed stadium, he can often be found at art fairs, museums or shows — or, when he's tired or let down, having a conversation with the art on his walls. |
RM, 27, has been a supporter and collector of fine art since he was captivated by Seurat and Monet paintings during an impromptu visit to the Art Institute of Chicago while on tour in 2018. Since then, he has amassed a collection of work by artists like Takashi Murakami and KAWS, as well as by key 20th-century Korean artists like Park Soo Keun, Chang Ucchin and Nam June Paik. |
RM has also shared videos of his artistic experiences with his 37 million Instagram followers, becoming a dream ambassador for the insular, impenetrable art world. |
"He is throwing away the kind of barrier between the art institutions — galleries and museums — and younger people," the veteran dealer Park Kyung-mee said in an interview at her gallery, PKM, in Seoul. |
 | | Chris Simpson for The New York Times |
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That's it for today's briefing. See you next time. — Dan |
The latest episode of "The Daily" is on workplace surveillance. |
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